Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the world. In developing countries, it opens new opportunities for agriculture, healthcare, education, and the management of public services. However, without clear rules, its use can also pose major risks. Regulating AI has therefore become a priority to protect citizens and promote sustainable development.
Key Challenges of Regulation
The absence of a legal framework exposes developing countries to several dangers:
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Protection of sensitive data: personal information can be misused.
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Social inequalities: poorly regulated AI may widen the gap between urban and rural areas.
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Lack of transparency: some automated decisions remain incomprehensible to citizens.
These challenges highlight the importance of adopting clear rules adapted to local realities.
Existing Models Worldwide
At the international level, several approaches inspire developing countries:
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The European Union and the AI Act: a strict regulation imposing transparency, accountability, and the protection of human rights.
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Voluntary ethical frameworks: adopted in some countries, based on fairness and privacy protection, without being legally binding.
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Regional initiatives: in Africa or Asia, some blocs are working on common standards to strengthen cooperation.
Towards a Model Adapted to Developing Countries
To ensure the ethical and responsible use of AI, a hybrid model seems most appropriate:
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Mandatory minimum rules to protect privacy and sensitive data.
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Greater transparency in the systems used, to strengthen citizen trust.
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Regional cooperation to harmonize standards and avoid fragmented regulations.
Developing countries have a unique opportunity: to harness the benefits of AI while building a regulatory framework adapted to their needs. By placing ethics and accountability at the heart of their strategy, they can use artificial intelligence as a lever for inclusive and sustainable growth.